What Is ASTM D6400?
ASTM D6400 is a standard specification published by ASTM International (formerly the American Society for Testing and Materials) that defines the requirements for plastics and products made from plastics to be labeled as compostable in municipal and industrial composting facilities. It is the most widely recognized compostability standard in North America and is referenced by the Federal Trade Commission’s Green Guides when evaluating environmental marketing claims.
The Three Tests
To achieve ASTM D6400 certification, a material must pass three rigorous tests. First, the biodegradation test requires that at least 60% of the organic carbon converts to CO2 within 180 days in a controlled composting environment. Second, the disintegration test requires that no more than 10% of the material remains on a 2mm sieve after 12 weeks of composting. Third, the ecotoxicity test ensures that the resulting compost supports plant growth at rates comparable to compost made without the test material.
Why It Matters for Your Brand
In the current regulatory environment, making unsubstantiated compostability claims is increasingly risky. Several states, including California and Washington, have passed laws that specifically require ASTM D6400 or equivalent certification before a product can be labeled as compostable. The FTC has also increased enforcement actions against greenwashing in packaging. Having ASTM D6400 certification protects your brand legally and builds genuine trust with environmentally conscious consumers.